Daltonism: Daltonism refers to colorblindness of the red-green type (also known as deuteranopia or deuteranomaly). The term "Daltonism" comes from the name of the English chemist and physicist, John Dalton (1766-1844). Born in a village in Cumberland where his father, Joseph, was a weaver in poor circumstances, Dalton was educated by his father and John Fletcher, teacher in a Quaker school. When Fletcher retired in 1778, Dalton took his place. In 1793 he was appointed teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy at New College in Manchester. In 1803 he put forth the facts embodied in his law of partial pressures: the pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures which would be exerted separately by the several constituents if each alone were present. Dalton's reputation largely rests upon his great Atomic Theory. It was said of Dalton that, "into society he rarely went, and his only amusement was a game of bowls on Thursday afternoons." In the first scientific paper he published, Dalton described his (and his brother's) affliction of colorblindness with defective perception of red and green (Dalton, J: Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours, with observation. Mem Literary Philos Soc Manchester 5: 28-45, 1798). It is the first recognized account of red-green colorblindness.
